Deindustrialization might instants happen — on free layout-industries global transfer now Wenzhou people everywhere real, many people are angry, feel Wenzhou people use hot money to gamble, causing prices rose so that local people suffering, which makes the image of Wenzhou people very well. But we want to see things in another context, that is, they do not know what the money to throw.
It cannot be said that their creativity is not enough, but that their knowledge and skills is not enough, is the quality problem; it cannot be said that no creativity in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Wenzhou lighters in the same grade in a variety of brands, a variety of styles, but then high-grade products, they can not reach. Now, Zhejiang workforce, land costs, water, electricity and other resource supply problems; the more serious pollution of the environment, the capacity of the environment also has the problem, therefore, for these are traditional Zhejiang low value consumption production enterprises, the development is greatly affected. Some of the largest manufacturers in the manufacturing base to Western areas, but for many organizations, this kind of transfer is they can't, or won't, not for transfer, on the future development is very vague.
Free layout-industry rapidly in the global transfer
To enhance the value of the product, just like the culture and art appreciation glance, need to go through a long process of education, training, it takes time for precipitation. Of course, this difference may be transferred to other local factors. Such as Guangdong Dongguan of Taiwan-funded enterprises go to Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, it is because the quality of the labour force than in Dongguan city in Suzhou.
When transnational corporations find more suitable than Zhejiang industry sets, they will soon transfer, Zhejiang appears industrial vacuum. Now some people have suggested that China will become the next to Latin America, this is not an alarmist, such a risk exist.
60 years of the last century, in the Eastern Mediterranean coast of France near the city of Nice, IBM was built a factory, hired over 6000 people. But then this factory disappeared. I asked the factory gone? other said: I don't know, 20 minutes, no! ", of course, is not to say that really no 20 minutes, but that the factory was quickly lost value to IBM, the IBM will transfer the manufacturing base. This is the free distribution of industry characteristic, it can very quickly throughout the transfer. A in Guangzhou nearby "processing" factory, the factory's head, the workers in the factory is called to picnic, results come back yard is no picnic.
Through the history of Germany and Korea shoes of, can map appears in Wenzhou shoes development crisis. Shoes this industry is a technology development has been slow in industry, and shoes are highly free layout of the industry, it can quickly in the global transfer.
In Franco-German border has a shoe industry district, and later on transferred to Romania, Estonia, Hungary, Portugal the surrounding area. Korea's Busan, the second world war period developed shoes, to the 1980s, due to the rise of China's shoes, Busan there recession. Wenzhou now footwear is booming, but this is a cost-sensitive industry, once the costs high up, this shift is almost inevitable. Ockham has to go to build industrial park, Chongqing, if more and more businesses are doing, they formed the industrial district of transfer.
And for those shoes provide raw material, accessories, they can go to other places if the core enterprises are gone, leaving only the parts, auxiliary family enterprise, the Zhejiang Province economic development will be very negative.
As a result of local production elements and other conditions, these original industrial transfer out, resulting in industry of hollowing out, if you are a local business-led, the hollowing of the local economy, external enterprise-led transition, the crisis will include the entire local enterprises.
Zhejiang industry should retain the "root"
Now, Zhejiang enterprises in particular, do associated enterprises, there are two options: one is to remain in the industry and internal go to other places, the second is to stay in place internal to other industries.
In Taiwan's IT industry, when those do computer terminal products over to the mainland came, their supporting enterprises are collective. But for those who value lower industry, e.g. Schuhfabrik, these complementary businesses will not be used with a downstream enterprise? can Wenzhou Ockham hometown supporting manufacturers have taken to Chongqing? I think that in the past or very few, most still don't have in the past. In this case, involves the question of industrial restructuring.
In this regard, the study of Taiwan can be very interesting, because Taiwan original and Zhejiang scenarios are similar, they are many production were transferred to the Mainland, so original that enterprises are doing? a Taiwan do badminton yard later transition to aerospace materials, it dies of it every time you go to another row. This is called "push the roots retain".
We should look to find some market niches, to those areas of shifted into high value-added industrial transfer.
Ant-plant in Zhejiang is very much, but these are mostly of Zhejiang Ant export-oriented. They will do? the United Nations Industrial Development Organization at the end of 2002 report of development: developing clusters to global industry value chain upward climb. In industrial clusters in those supporting the enterprise's technical content is still very low, should strengthen the leading brand, the role of leading enterprises, driven by their relevant industries of industrial upgrading, strengthening the network of relationships throughout the entire cluster to walk together.
Use creativity to enhance the value of traditional manufacturing of Li shufu Geely automobile sold very well, but is not to say that other Zhejiang enterprises will have to go to get the car of low-level investments, engage in heavy industry co., Ltd Zhejiang can still continue to develop the light industry.
International has a concept called "innovative low-skilled", the so-called innovative low-technology industries, like furniture, lighters, buttons, toothpicks, etc., many of these low-technology products in fact can be innovative, low-technology products. Only Sun enterprises, no sunset industry, various industries can be developed.
In 1995 I in Canada of the 100 fastest-growing enterprises, the production of bath, the production of toilet, production of water pumps, and not all high-tech industry.
The most recent view that is not to say that the only information technology, biotechnology, new materials, new technology is the future trend, is the high added value industries, traditional industry also has a high value in the industry, such as the clothing industry is a highly creative industries, in products, with a large number of creative people, also has a very high value. It is important to note that the number of creativity and product value is directly related. United States apparel industry 2002 report mentioned this point of view.
Therefore, the traditional industry of innovation to Zhejiang manufacturing more meaningful.
But how can you improve traditional industries?
After the recession in the footwear industry, Korea Busan local Government will build shoe industrial park, the result was the academic criticism. The industry has matured and saturated, invest a lot of infrastructure, but the final effect is hard to say how to do. Now, many of the regional Government of Zhejiang Province put a lot of money thrown at the building industrial park, at the local enterprise innovation system construction has invested enough. If the shoe materials, is the need for high technology, but China National materials Center published a report, the report noted that China is not attention to these products, Zhejiang footwear industry seriously affected by the restriction of the material, particularly in the field of environmental indicators.
Zheshang problems now also is the other provinces will encounter problems, it is not an isolated problem of Zhejiang Province, it is the whole problem of China's manufacturing industry.
No comments:
Post a Comment